Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Computer Science & Engineering, School of Computing, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu-61340, IN

Abstract

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) represents an ad-hoc network which are able to change locations; which can also perform self-configuration and self-organization in a dynamic environment. Group communication system plays a major part in MANET environment which are implemented by multicasting method which provides delivery of packets to a group of destination. But there are many difficulties in implementing scalable, optimized and efficient multicasting network in mobile ad-hoc network because managing a dynamic environment with group membership is a challenging process. Efficient Geographic Multicast Protocol (EGMP) is proposed which uses a virtual zone base structure. The geographic region is divided into many virtual zones. The Distance between the source and other nodes in the group are found and the one closest to source is chosen as cluster head or zone leader. Zone leader communicates with its group members. Only zone leader transmits data and hence the node does not receive the same packets again and again. EGMP greatly simplifies zone management and packet forwarding. EGMP uses geographic forwarding to provide reliable packet transmission. It ensures the successful transmission of the data packets, has low overhead and reduced redundant packet transmissions. Compared with Scalable Position Based Multicast (SPBM), simulation results of EGMP shows high packet delivery ratio thus packet missing while transmission are reduced hence re-transmission of packets are reduced and bandwidth is utilized efficiently.

Keywords

Mobile Ad-hoc Network, Multicasting, Virtual Zone Based Structure

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T. Karthik ¹, K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Network Optimization techniques are generally used for e data transfer quickly and without loss. Network Optimization is also applied on the power consumption in whole network system. Thus the efficient network system concentrates on Power Utilization, Deadlock Lock avoidance and Error Recovery process. In the Dynamic Power Management System contains Power utilization and its management. In the network consist of various nodes that to be used. The Power consumption takes place high if all nodes are in active state. To manage the Power Consumption in the network, Link Node Heuristic Algorithm is applied as the optimization technique. The Algorithms work with the optimization module that nodes are not used for particular time period means switched to idle state; when the node becomes active to transfer the data then it is changed to awaken state. During data transmission, the router is set all node values either as on or off state. In the proposed module the efficient power consumption network is focused only on energy utilization. Consider for a good power consumption network is only focused in power means the network may get chances for error and deadlock occurrence. During the data transfer some packets is dropped means on that time Autonomous Network Reconfiguration System is used to recover the data. This ARS technique is mainly focused on the error recovery and to avoid the deadlock. Every node is maintained and monitored by the Router in this technique. If the data transmission is takes place for sender and receiver means router allocates the path, make the nodes available and rest of the nodes make in disabled state.

Keywords

ARS Technique, Deadlock Avoidance, ECONET Consortium, Error Recovery, Network Construction, Power Management

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R. Vallimeenal ¹, K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In WSN, the sensor nodes can be placed in any area in the environment. The main work of sensor node is to sense and collect data for forwarding data to a base station or sink. The Cluster formation with load balanced and Effective routing is the key issue in WSN. In this study the problem is to be overcome the cluster formation by using the SEARCH (Sustainability, Energy Aware Cluster Head) protocol, then routing is done by using the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) Multi-objective Fitness Function with Apriori Algorithm and its Association rules. The SEARCH protocol helps to detect the energy level of each node in the WSN and helps to form Energy based Clustering to balance the load. The PSO Fitness Function and Apriori Association rules, helps to route the sensed data using efficient routing, by taking the amount of data transfer and the energy efficiency of all routes in order to maintain the energy for long term transmission. As a result, here we implemented this work in java platform. This will shows the better performance of nodes in the network. It will increase the lifetime of network and energy efficiency of the node.

Keywords

Apriori Association Rules, Energy Efficiency, Network Lifetime, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) Algorithm, SEARCH (Sustainability, Energy Aware Cluster Head) Protocol, WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks)

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K. V. Janaki Raam ¹, K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

More energy in wireless sensor network is spent in routing part as compare to other operation in sensor network. To route data in efficient manner detecting optimal path for routing is better solution. For time critical application, detection of optimal path should be faster enough to make the application efficient. This paper focus on detecting of optimal path by using parallel ant colony optimization algorithm. K-Mean clustering approach is used for grouping of sensor nodes because it is faster than other hierarchical clustering algorithm. Rotating the cluster head while implementing algorithm based on friss free space propagation model, increases the lifetime of the network. This proposed system is developed using Java. The results shows that proposed system detect the optimal path faster than existing system with better lifetime of the network.

Keywords

Ant Colony Optimization, Cluster Head, K-Means Clustering, PACO Wireless Sensor Network

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E. Nanda Kumar ¹, K. Rajkumar ², T. Vishnu Prabhu ²

Affiliations
1 Department, VLB Janakiammal College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, IN
2 Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VLB Janakiammal College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Theft of vehicles has often been in news in any of our residential locations or any parking lot. Statistics say many of the lost vehicles have never been recovered or found by the Police due to the immediate dismantling of their parts. The time taken to register the complaint and subsequent delay in action taking leads to the effect of vehicle being dismantled and sold quickly by the thieves. This leads to a condition that the locomotive can never be found. Since the information regarding the lost vehicle reaches the Police very late, quick action to recover it goes often in vain. Currently, there are many types of equipments in the market which support easy identification of our vehicle. But all these devices prove as a failure when seen from the view of rapidness in operating and also require human operation subsequently, which is very much impossible. Our main objective is to immediately inform the Surveillance Police (a robot is used here) in the area and track the vehicle very soon to recover it through the available modes. The proposed robot is controlled wireless through Zigbee connection protocol.

Keywords

RFID Tag, Reader, Kill-Switch, PIR Sensor, LDR Sensor, Zigbee.

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L. Aravind Raj ¹, K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Wireless multimedia sensor network is one of the important sensors used to sense and transfer multimedia data in the network topology. We know that the multimedia data occupies more memory. Methods: The existing system of communication topology took the Quality of Service (QoS) as a metric and met the metrics like reliability, throughput and error rates. They used routing protocols like Multi-path and Multi-speed (MMSPEED) and Energy aware Multi-path and Multi-speed (EAMMSPEED) for the transmission of multimedia data. The data is prioritized which based on the important parts and they are sent through the network via multi-path routing. But during high traffic loads the multi-path routing does not fulfil communications effectively. Findings: A novel approach is employed to reduce the traffic loads by using multi-path routing based on clustering. Clustering technique is suitable for static network. The implementing technique will focusing on how to reduce the traffic loads in the network and also how to make the consumption of energy in further efficient manner. With the help of clustering technique, we can able to satisfy the desired QoS which effectively needed. Applications: Nowadays mostly wireless multimedia sensor networks are deployed to measure the temperature, humidity, pressure. It is also used in military and civil applications.

Keywords

Energy Efficiency, Multipath Routing, Quality of Service (QoS), Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks.

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R. Sheeba ¹, K. Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Denial-of-service (DoS) and distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) are the critical threats in the network security. To overcome from these kinds of attacks the existing system created a puzzle scheme called software puzzle. However the malicious user tries to solve the puzzle, the graphics processing unit (GPU) which is present inside the computer will decrease the effect of the client puzzle. Methods: In this method the puzzle algorithm is generated randomly based on the client request. Once the request is received the server will generate the puzzle with random key, the client receive the puzzle process it and generate the solution for the puzzle. The server verifies it. The drawback in the existing system is that the puzzle does not contain time period so the attacker will hack the key at any time and flood server with malicious request another one is that As the DDOS attack increases, the puzzle difficulty should be also increased, Increase in difficult level the computation cost also increases. Findings: To overcome from this the proposed method contain encrypted one time password (OTP) that is server will generate encrypted OTP based on the Hash function and the salt it is send to the client, Then the client will decrypt the OTP. Based on the decrypted value the client will type the password and send to the server, it will check the password with the mapped value. Another advantage in the proposed method is that it only allow three time for each user to enter wrong password in fourth time the puzzle will be generated the user has to solve and the server will check it. The puzzle solving is created to check whether it is a malicious user or a genuine client by this security is improved and denial of service attack is reduced. Applications: In this approach website security is increased, Attacker chance of hacking and flooding the server with malicious request will be reduced, Allow only genuine user to access the website by use of encrypted OTP and Puzzle approach.

Keywords

Distributed-Denial-of-Service, Encrypt, Hash Function, One-time-Password, Salt, Software Puzzle.

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K. Rajkumar ¹, Al. Ramanathan ¹, P. N. Behera ²

Affiliations
1 School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi - 110 067, IN
2 Department of Geology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar - 751 004, IN

Abstract

Clay minerals, byproducts of chemical weathering, are important group of minerals found in rivers, estuaries, and marine sedimentary environments, which include mudstones, clay stones, and shales. In the present study, FTIR and SEM investigation on the clay minerals in Sundarban mangrove core sediments collected from Moipith Matla and Belamati Island are carried out. The study indicated the dominant association of kaolinite with subordinate amount of quartz, illite and chlorite. The abundance of kaolinite, illite chlorite and clay with quartz helps in increasing sediment in the islands region. The geochemical and mineralogical evolution of mangrove sediments are results of the interaction of biotic and abiotic parameters, whose balance is conditioned by the climate that governs the hydrologic regime, the sedimentation dynamics and the organic matter. This study on the charaterstation of clay provides us with substantial impact in the water holding capacity, productivity and mineralogical and chemical transformation in order to establish much more and intermediate equilibrium between marine influence and continental contribution, as part of the estuarine environment, than to the tropical climate conditions.

Keywords

Sundarban Sediment, Clay Minerals, FT-IR, SEM-EDS.

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